Ciphering device



G. s. VERNAM.

CIPHERING DEVICE, APPLICATION FILED 1ULY23. 1920.

ATTORNEY G. S. VERNAM.

CIPHERING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZB, i920.

Patented May 23, 1922.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

KM E

INVENTOR W!" W m. 00 4 ATTORNEY G. S. VERNAM.

CIPHERING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 23. 1920.

Patented May 23, 1922.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

UMTEE STATES Parser snares.

GILBERT S. VERNAM, OF BRDOKLYN, NEW YORK, A SSIG-NOR TO AMERICAN TELE-PHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

CIPHERING DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 2a,. was.

Application filed July 23, 1920. Serial No. 398,358.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, GILBERT S. VnnnAM, residing at Brooklyn, in thecounty of Kings and State of New York. have invented certainImprovements in Cipher-mg l)evices,. of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to a device for en- :the resulting codecombinations make up the characters of the enciphered message. Such anarrangement is illustrated in detail in the U. S. Patent, No. 1,320,908.issued November 4, 1919, to R. D. Parker. In this device the codecombinations of the enciphered or deciphered message are recorded on aperforated tape or the corresponding characters may be printed ifdesired and the message may then be transmitted in any desired manner toits destination.

()ne of the well-known codes utilized with messages prepared by printingtelegraph equipment is the Baudot code in which each character isrepresented by a combination of five marking or spacing impulses. In afive-unit code of this sort there are thirtytwo different codecombinations of which twenty-six are used to designate letters of thealphabet and the remaining SIX combinations are used as stunt signals tocontrol operations of the printing mechanism, such as line feed,carriage return, etc. In the above mentioned method of encipheringmessages these six stunt signals will-ordinarily appear at irregularlntervals in the cipher messageand therefore they must be recorded insome way in the written or printed form of the message. The presence ofthese stunt signals can not be avoided by omitting them from theoriginal message and key tapes because of the fact that they areproduced by various combinations of mm-mun letters in the message withletters in the would be a badly confused message due to.

the fact that the stunt signals occur at other than the proper times. Toavoid confusion of this sort printed characters must be used torepresent the stunt signals in the printed form of the message. 1t mightalso be possible to utilize numerals or punctuation marks for thispurpose. message prepared in the'above manner is not in desirable formfor transmission over the ordinary commercial types of telegraph orcable lines for the; following reasons. The usual practice in preparingcipher messages for transmission over commercial lines is to divide theletters into groups of five. The telegraph companies count each group offive letters as one word in charging for such messages. Mixed groupscontaining both letters and numerals are not accepted for transmissionby cable and when transmitted over land lines each such group is countedas five-words. As the numerals designating stunt signals might appearfrequently in the cipher message it will be seen that the charge forvtransmitting such a message over a commercial line would be exceedinglyhigh. Accordingly it is the general purpose of this invention to provideA cipher.

arrangements for preparing the cipher mesmeans for separating theletters into groups of five. Other objects and features of the inventionwill appear more fully from the detailed description of the inventionhereinafter given.

The invention may be more fully understood from the followingdescription together with the accompanying drawing in the Figs. 1. 2,and 3 of which are shown a preferredform of the invention andmodifications thereof. Like reference characters have been used todenote like parts mail of the figures of the drawing.

In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. l

each stunt signal is automatically'represented in the enciphered messageby two letters according to some prearranged arbitrary code. For examplethe following code may be used:

E L represents line feed,

E H represents space,

E 0 represents carriage return, E K represents letter shift,

E J represents figure shift,

E '1. represents blank tape,

E Z represents letter e.

\Vhile the-effect of usin such a code may be to increase the lengt ofthe message, nevertheless as numbers are not used the message may betransmitted at a reasonable cost. Any one of the twenty-six letters maybe used to designate the stunt signals. The letter e was chosen with theabove code simply because its use slightly simplifies one of theautomatic circuit arrangements to be described later.

In the arrangements of Fig. 1 are shown three tape transmitters, A, Band C. 'The --code combinations representing characters of the originalmessage will be set up by the tape on the contacts of transmitter A.Cipher tapes, arbitrarily chosen, will be run through transmitters B andC and will -set up their combinations thereon. Associated withtransmitters B and C are the relays 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Associated'withtransmitter A over the contacts of relays 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are theselecting relays 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. With such an arrangement the codecombinations of the original message tape will be combined with the codecombinations of the cipher, or key tapes and the result will he set upas enciphered code combinations on'the relays 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The

principles of operation of the above arrangement are described in detailin the aforementioned patent to R.- D. Parker and no further descri tionthereof will be given. Connected wit the contacts of relays 1, 2,

I 3, 4 and 5, are the magnetsll, 12, 13, 14

the usual mechanism of the printer D are and 15 of a printer D, wherebya printed record may be made of the code combinations set up onselecting relays 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

Associated with the selecting relays and a plurality of relayarrangements fordividing the letters into groups of five, forautomatically returning the carriage at the end of the line, and forsubstituting twoletters counting rela 20.

'open at the upper front contact of the fifth relay 1, a fifth-impulserelay a control relay 33, a spacing relay 34, and the release controlrelay 35. A distributor 24 is also provided for timing certain of theoperations of the mechanism.

The mechanism of the printer D is wellknown in the art and is disclosedin full in the Patent No. 1,215,604, granted February 13, 1917 to G. M.Yorke. The printer mechanism comprises the carriage return magnet 7 37,the carriage contacts 38, and the margin contacts 41. Associated withthe release control relay 35 is a printer relay 40, the release magnets42, the start relay 43, and

the startmagnet 44. There .are also provided the stunt contacts 45 withwhich are associated the shift magnet 46, the line feed magnet 47 theprinting magnet 52, the space lock relay 51, and the space magnet 50. A

margin relay 36 is also added to the printer. as

Included in the arrangements is a type shaft '48 and thestop bar 49. Asthe mechanism of the printer D is well-known in the art'no detaileddescription of its operation will be given.

The operation of the arrangements of Fig. 1 will now be described. Ifthe cipher cutoff key K is operated, the cipher trans; mitters B and Cand the cipher relays 6, 7,

8, 9 and 10 will not operate'and the printer will record each characteras it is set up on the message transmitter A. If the control key K isalso operated, none of the relay arrangements associated with theselecting relays and the printer will function and the printer willoperate in a normal manner and will record everycharacter as set up, onthe selecting relays, that is, it will print or it will space, carriagereturn, line feed, etc., in a normal manner. rangements which do notfunction when the control key K is operated are the counting relays 16,17 18, 19, 20 and 21, spacing relay 34, e relay 31, fifth pulse why 32,

control relay 33, and margin relay 36, and these relay arrangements donot operate for the following reasons. I

(1) As no battery is connected to them none of the counting relays 16,17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 can operate.

(2) The circuit for operating the spacing relay 34 is open at the righthand contact of (3) The clrcuit for operating the e relay 31 is open atthe left hand contact of 1 0 the control key (4) The circuit of thelower winding of the fifth-pulse relay 32 is open at the upper frontcontact of the e relay 31, and the circuit of. its upper or lockingwinding is open at its own front contact and also at the left handcontact of the control key K.

(5) The circuit of the control relay 33 is pulse relay 32.

The relay ar- 105 The circuit of the margin relay 36 is open at theupper front contact of the spacing relay 34.

As none of these relays can operate when the control key K. is operated,the printer will operate in a normal manner, as has been pointed out,andwill record every character as set up on the selecting relays, thatis, it will print or it will space, carriage return, line feed, etc., ina normal manner. The operation of the circuit under the above conditionsis as follows: When the starting key K, is operated it will close acircuit from battery through right hand back contact of margin relay 36and the auto-stop contacts 22 to operate the distributor start magnet23. The auto stop contacts 22 are provided in the mechanism for thefollowing purpose. "When the operator starts towrite out a message, shewill perforate the message on a tape. the complete message is perforatedon the tape, it may be desirable to insert the tape into the tapetransmitter A and to start the ciphering device in operation. Theoperator will then continue to perforate the message on the tape whileone end 'of the tape is being fed into the tape transmitter A. If,underthese circumstances, the speed of the operator'in perforating thetape should be slower than the rate of speed at which the other end ofthe tape is being fed into the tape transmitter, it will be seen thatthe tape might become torn. In order to pre-. vent-this, the tape is rununderneath a lever which is known as an auto stop contact, and

if there is danger of the tape being torn, it will first push this autostop lever upwards and thereby open a circuit which will stop theoperation of the ciphering device, and thereby prevent the tape frombeing torn. Thiswill release the distributor brush arm which will rotatecontinuously until this circuit is opened at the auto-stop contact 22 orthe starting key K Each character in the message tape will operate oneor more contacts of the message transmitter A and this in turn will setup the combination representing this character on the selecting relays1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. When the brush crosses segment 29 a circuit will beclosed from battery, through the brush, segment 29, winding of releasecontrol relay 35, lower back contact of spacing relay 34, to the lowerarmature of selecting relay 1, and also through the back contact of erelay 31, to the lower armatures of selecting relays 2, 3, 4 and 5. thecontacts of any selecting relays that are operated and through thewindings of any of the corresponding selecting magnets 11, 12, 13, 14and 15 to ground. lhe closing of this circuit will operate one 01' moreof the selecting magnets 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 and also the releasecontrol relay 37 The oper-- Before This circuit will be extended throughation. of the release control relay 35 will connect battery to the.printer relay 40 and thus start the printer Din operation in the usualmanner. The printer will then record the selected character in the usualmanner. When the brush crosses segment'27 the message transmitter magnetand the transmitter relay 30 will be operated over a circuit frombattery, through the brush, segment 27 winding of transmitter relay30,winding of message transmitter magnet, back contact of e relay 31,vand-hack contact of spacing relay 34, to ground. The message trans--mitter magnet will step the message tape in brush arm. In case a blanktape signal is set up in the message transmitter none of the selectingrelays will operate, and, therefore, the circuit of the release controlrelay 35, and of the selecting magnets 11', 12, 13,

14 and 15, will be left open. Under these conditions the release controlrelay 35 will not operate when the brush crosses segment 29, and,therefore, the printer will not operate.

The operation of the circuit arrangements of Fig. 1 when the control keyK is operated and the cipher cut-ofi' key K is not operated is asfollows: When the cipher cut-off key K is in its normal position thecipher transmitter Band C and the cipher relays 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 willbe operated under the control of the two cipher tapes, and the selectingrelays 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, will be under the combined control of thecipher relays and the message transmitter A. Under thesejp'onditions thecharacter set up on the selecting relays, and therefore on theselectingvmagnets, will be produced by combining the character in themessage tape with the corresponding characters in the two key tapes. Thestepping magnets of the cipher transmitters B and C will also beconnected to segment 27 so that all three tapes will he stepped aheadsimultaneously, and the printer will record a series of charactersrepresenting the combination of the three tapes.

The operation of the circuit arrangements of Fig. 1 when the control keyK and the cipher cut-off key K are both unoperated Wlll now bedescribed. Under these conditions it is pointed out that the printerwill automatically substitute two letters for each stunt signal and alsofor the letter e as indicated by the aforementioned code. The printerwill also space the letters in groups of five and the carriage willreturn automatically and the paper will. feed at'the end of each line. Y

senting a. stunt signal or the letter e?' One end of the winding of thee' relay 31 is connected to battery through the back contacts ofthecontrol relay and the ing stunt signals and the letter e in the codecommonly utilized are as follows:

Letter shift 1 ++e+++' Figure shift Blank tape Line feed l Space signalCarriage return Letter e The operating circuits for e relay 31 when theabove signal combinations are set up may be traced through the contactsof the selectin relays as follows: v

(1) or the letter shift signal and the figure shift signal from thewinding of e relay 31 through the front contacts of selecting relays 5,4, 2, and 1, to ground. w a

' (2) for the blank tape signal a and the line feed signal (I----), fromthe Winding of e relay 31, through the upper back contact of relays 5and 4: and middle back contact-s ofrelays 3 and 1, to ground.

(3) For tl letter e from the winding of e relay 31, through the upperback contacts of relays 5 and 4, through the middle back contacts ofrelays 3 and 2, and the middle front contact'of relay 1, to ground.

(4) For the space signal I from the winding of e rialay 31, through theupper back contacts of relays-5 and 4, upper frontcontact of relay 3,and upper back contacts of relays 2 and 1 to ground'..

(5) For the carriage return signal from the winding of e relay 31,through upper back contact ofrelay 5, upper.fl 0nt. contact of relay 4,and upper back contacts a 'back contacts of spacing relay 34 and e relay31 t o the armatures of the selecting of relay 3, 2, and 1, .to ground.I

From the above description it will be seen that, whenever a codecombination repreis set up on the selecting rela s',the e relay 31 willbe operated. 1s pointedv out nets.

that for all other code combinations set up on the selecting relays,their arrangement 1s such that the operating circuit of e relay 31--will not be closed. As the 'e relay 31 will not operate if asuccessionof letters, other'than letter e. or stunt signals, is set up on theselecting relays, accordingly the fifth-pulserelay 32 and control relay33 will not operate, and the printer will record the letters set up onthe selecting relays exactly as if the control key K was operated,except that a space will be introducedbetween each group of fivecharacters asiwill be explained later.

The operation of the circuit arrangement when a stunt signal or theletter e? is set up on the selecting relays, thereby causing e rela 31to be operated, will now be described. Vhen the brush of the distributorcrosses segment 29 a circuit will be closed from battery, through thebrush, segment 29, release control relay 35, back coni tact ofspacingrelay 34:, front contact of e relay 31, and through the windingof selecting magnet 11, to ground. This will operate the release controlrelay 35 arid selecting magnet 11, which will ause the printer to printthe letter e. hen the brush crosses segment28, a circuit will be closedfor operating the fifth-pulse relay 32 through the upper front contactof e relay 31 and the upper back contact of the spacing relay 34. Thefifth-pulse relay 32v will lock itself through its upper winding andthrough the back contact of the transmitt-er relay 3O andthe left handcontact of the control key K, i The lower armature of the fifth-pulserelay 32vwill switch selecting magnet 15 from thefront contact to theback contact of selecting relay 5. This, however, will have no effect atthis time as the circuit of the armature of selecting relay combinationset up on the selecting'relays will, therefore, be retained. Whenthe-brush crosses segment 26 the controlrelay 33 will operate throughthe winding of the fifthpulse relayf32 in parallel with a resistance.

The control relay 33 .will lockitself to battery through the backcontact of the transmitter relay 3.0 and will release e relay 31.

When the brush crosses segment 29 on its next revolution, a circuit willbe closed through the release control relay 35, lower will relays and Iwindings of the selecting'magrelay. 35 andthe selecting magnets and willset up on the selecting magnets the signal This will operate the releasecontrol combination that is on the selecting relays except thatselecting magnet 1:) will operate if selecting relay 5 is released andwill not operate if selecting relay 5 isoperated. or, in other words,the fifth impulse will be reversed. l nder these conditions the printerwill record the second letter representing the particular stunt signalas shown in the aforementioned code. When the brush crosses segment 27,the stepping magnets of the transmitters A. l3 and will be operated thussetting up a new code combination on the selecting relays. Thetransmitter relay 30 will also be operated and will release the controlrelay 33 and the fifth-pulse relay 32. thus restoring the circuit to itsnormal condition. The above description covers the operation of thecircuit in substituting two letters for each stunt signal and for theletter e."

The automatic spacing of the letters into groups of five and theoperation of returning the carriage at the end of a line will now bedescribed. The spacing operation is controlled by a group of countingrelays 16, 17, 18, 19. 20 and 21. Relays 16 and 17 operate as follows:It is assumed that the printer carriage is at the beginning of a newline when the control key K is restored to its normal position. \Vhenthe brushes cross segments 25 during their first revolution, relay 16will be operated over a circuit from battery. right hand contact ofcontrol key it, winding of relay 16. upper back-contact of relay 1],outer segment 25, brush, inner segment 25. and lower back contact ofrelay 17, to ground. Relay 16, on operating, prepares a circuit foroperating relay 17, but relay 1? is short-circuited at this time andwill not operate until the brushes leave segments 25. hen the brushespass off of these segments. relay 1? will be operated inv series withrelay 16. \Vhen the brushes cross-segments 25 on the second revolution,relay 16 will be short-circuited and released. The path of the currentat this time is from battery. through the right hand contacts of controlkey K, lower front contact of relay 1T inner segment 25, brush. outersegment 25, upper front contact and winding of relay 17, to ground. Whenthe brushes pass off of segments this circuit will be interrupted andrelay 17 will be released. The third revolution of the brushes willcause relays 16 and 17 to operate again. and the fourth revolution ofthe brushes will cause theni'to release again. In other words relays 16and 17 will both be operated and both released on alternate revolutionsof the brushes.

The relays 16 and 17 control the series of counting relays 18, 19, 20and 21 in the following manner. As previously described during the firstrevolution of the brush the first letter will be printed and relays 16and 17 will operate. Relay 17 on operating will close a circuit foroperating counting relay 18. This circuit will extend from batterythrough the right hand contacts of the control key I: through the lowerfront contact of relay 17, left hand backcontact and wind ing of relay18, and right hand backeontact of. relay 21 to ground. Relay 18 willlock itself through its left hand front contact. Relays 19, 20 and 21will not operate at this time as their windings are short circuited.

The second revolution of the brush Will'- cause the printing of thesecond letter and will release relays 16 and 17. Relay 17 on releasingwill operate relay 19 over a circuit extending from battery through thecontacts of the control key K. left hand front con.- tacts of relay 18,winding and left hand back contacts of relay 19 and back contact ofrelay 17 to ground. Relay 19 will lock itself .to ground through itsleft hand front contact. Relays 20 and 21 will not operate at this timeas their windings are short circuited.

The third revolution of the brush will cause the printing of the thirdletter and the operation of relays 16 and 17. Relay 17 on operating willclose a circuit for'operating relay 20. This circuit will extend frombattery through the contacts of the control key through its left handfront contact and the right hand front contact of relay 1%). Relay 21will not operate at this time as its wlnding is short circuited. Theclosing of the right hand contact of relay 20 will have no effect atthis time as its circuit is open at the back contact of relay 18.

On the fourth revolution, the brush will it cause the printing of thefourth letter and will release relays 16 and 17. Relay 17 on releasingwill close a circuit for operating 1 10 relay 21. This circuit extendsfrom battery through the contacts of the control key K; right hand frontcontact of relay 19, lefthand front contact of relay 20, winding andleft hand back contact of relay 2'1 and back contact of relay 17 toground. Relay 21 will lock itself to ground through its left handfrontconta-ct. Relay 21 will also disconnect the direct groundconnection from the Wlnding of relay 18 and willconnect relay 18 150120ground through the back contact of relay 17. This will have no effect onrelay 18 at this time.

On the fifth revolution, the brush will cause the printing of the fifthletter and will operate relays 16 and 17 again. When relay 17 operatesit will connect battery instead of ground to relay 18 Which will releaserelay 18. Relay 18 on releasing will connect relay 19 to battery throughthe lower 136 i open the circuit which normally extends from the releasecontrol relay 35 to the lower armatures of the selecting relays and willconnect the release control relay 35 directly to selecting magnet 13.

When the brush crosses segments 29 on its sixth revolution, a circuitwill be completed from battery, through the brush, segments 29, releasecontrol relay 35, lower front contact of the spacing relay 34, andwinding of the selecting magnet 13, to ground. This will operateselecting magnet 13 and the release control relay 35. The operation ofselecting magnet13, sets upin the printer the combination representing aspace-. The release control relay 35 closes the circuit for operatingthe printing relay 40, thus starting the operation of the printer.Operating under these conditions the printer will introduce a spaceafter the fifth letter. During the previous (fifth) revolution o'f thebrush, the tapes have been stepped forward in the transmitters A, B, andC, thus setting up on the selecting relays the combination representingthe next letter to be printed. The circuit of the stepping magnets of'the transmitters will be held open at. the contacts of the spacingrelay 34 during this (the sixth). revolution, and' therefore thecombination for the next letter will remain on the selecting relays. v

When the brush crosses segments-25 (during the sixth revolution), relays16 and '17 will be released. Relay 17 on releasing will, connect groundinstead of battery to relay 19. This. will release relay 19 and it inturn will release relays 20 and 21. Relay 2Q on releasing will open thecircuit of the spacing relay 34. The counting relays and the spacingrelay are thus restored to normal.

The operations described above, will be re-,

peated during every six revolutions of the brush with the result that aspace will be introduced after each group of five letters.

The operation of returning the carriage at the end of each line is asfollows. The margin contacts 41 in the printer are to be adjusted sothat they will close while the tenth group of five letters is beingprinted. These margin contacts'41 are operated by a cam or projectionwhich is provided on the space ratchet mechanism. When the spaceratchetwheel moves to a position so that the carriage is close to the end of aline, this cam or projection will strike and close the contacts 41.Inthe above mentioned patent to Yorke, these margin contacts might beoperated by a cam or projection, such as the projection 5 in Figure 1.These contacts prepare a circuit for operating the margin relay 36, butthis relay cannot operate until the spacing relay 34 operates. Theoperation of the margin relay is as follows. The spacing relay 34 willbe operated when the brush crosses segments 25 after printing the fifthletter of the tenth group. When the brush crosses segments 29 on thenext revolution a circuit will be completed from battery, through thebrush, segments 29, release control relay 35, lower front contact ofspacing relay 34, and in parallel through selecting magnet 13, toground, and through the margin contacts 41, margin relay 36, and up-'per front contacts of spacing relay 34, to ground. This will operate therelease control relay 35, selecting magnet 13 and the margin relay 36.The printer will space in the usual manner. The margin relay 36 onoperating locks itself to battery through the carriage return magnet 37,thus operating the carriage return magnet 37. It also closes a circuitat its right hand front contact for operating the line feed magnet 47andopens the circuit of the distributor start magnet 23 at its right handback contact thus allowing the brush arm to come to rest aftercompleting this revolution. The brush arm will remain at rest until thecomparatively slow carriage return operation has been .com-l pleted. Theline feed magnet 47 will feed up the paper and the carriage returnmagnet 3 will allow the carriage to return to the beginning of a newline. The carriage contacts 38 will be opened when the carriage has beencompletely restored and this will re: lease the margin relay 36 and thecarriage return magnet 37. The inargln relay 36 on releasing will closethe circuit for operating the distributor start magnet 23 again.

Whenever a fstunt signal or the letter e occurs as the last character ofthe five letter group, a space will be introduced between the twoletters which are substituted for the stunt signal or the letter e inthe manner which will now be described. For purposes of illustration, wemay assume that a on the selecting relays and that the brush arm hasrotated with the result that the letter 6 as previously described. Italso opens the circuit of the stepping magnets of the transmitters andthe transmitter relay 30 and prevents their operation. The stunt signalcombination is therefore held on the selecting relays and as thetransmitter relay 30 cannot operate the control relay 33 and thefifth-pulse relay 32 will remain locked up. The apparatus is thereforeleft in condition so that the second letter designating the stunt signalwill be printed during the next revolution of the brush.

In Fig. 2 is illustrated a modified arrangement of the invention whichis adapted to prepare the cipher message in suitable form fortransmission over a commercial telegraph or cable line and whichcomprises means for substituting letters for the stunt signals, meansfor dividing the letters into groups of five, and means forautomatically restoring the carriage and feeding the paper at the end ofthe line. In the arrangements of Fig. 2 these results are accomplishedby making certain modifications in the con struction of the printeritself, rather than by the use of relay arrangements, as in Fig. 1.

' In. the arrangements of Fig. 2 two letters will be substituted foreach stunt signal in accordance with the following code:

S represents line feed.

S H represents space.

S 0 represents carriage return. S K represents letter shift;

S J represents figure shift S T represents blank tape.

S Y represents letter S.

The stunt contactsv in the printer are used for controlling thesubstitution of these letters for the stunt signals and contactsoperated by the space ratchet wheel are used to control return of thecarriage, the line feeding and the spacing between five-letter groups.

The printer D is of a type well-known in the art such as is illustratedin the Patent No. 1,215,604, to G. M. Yorke. Associated therewith arethe stunt contacts 67 to 73 inclusive. There is also associated with theprinter a printing relay 40, clear out relay 39, release magnet 42,start relay 43, start magnet 44, printing magnet 52, with which areassociated the type shaft 48, the striking arm 49 and the stop bars,such as 49. There is also provided the space lock relay 51, space magnet50, line feed magnet 47, shift magnet 46, margin relay 36, and thecarriage return magnet 37. There is also provided a gang switch. 74shown in its normal position and the gang'switch contacts 1" to 26inclusive. A cam 64 is provided This stunt contact replace 10, themessage transmitter A, and the ci-' pher transmitters B and C of whichno further description will be given as their operation is substantiallythe same as in Fig. 1. Like reference characters have been used todenote like the invention- The following modifications in the printerunit D will now be described.

(1.) The stop bar 63 for the letter S is to be arranged so that itwillbe controlled by the armature of a magnet 62 instead of being controlledby the selecting discs. This can be done by changing the shape of thestop bar so that its vertical leg will extend past the selecting discwith its end op-' posite the armature of a stop magnet mounted in thecrown assembly. l

(2.) An extra stunt bar is to be added and the selecting discs are to beslotted so that this bar will operate and close-the conparts in bothfigures of tact 69 whenever the blank tape signal is received, or inother words whenever none of the selecting magnets are operating. Underordinary conditions the contacts operated by the stunt bar Willsimplyoperate the clear out relay 39 to clear out the printer. s the releasecontrol relay.

(3.) In order to control the carriage auto- Till matically so as tospace the letters in groups of five and so as to return the carriage andfeed up the paper at the proper time, the cam 64 is to be connected tothe space ratchet wheel for operating two sets of contacts as shown inthe circuit diagram. This cam rotates with each operation "of the spacemagnet 50 and operates space control con.- tacts 65 after the fifthletter is printed, and then after every sixth succeeding operation ofthe printer. As will be expla1ned,' the circuit arrangements are suchthatth'ese space control contacts introduce the space after each groupof five letters. I

(4.) The margin contacts 41 are to be adjusted to operate while thetenth group of five letters is being printed and as Wlll be explainedthey cause the carriage to return after the last character of this tenthgroup in each line is printed.

(5.) The carriage return relay 37 and a space control relay 60 are addedto the printer to control the automatic spacing and -normal manner andwhenit is in another 7 on theselecting magnets; that is, it. will printthe letters set up on the selecting 'magnets and will space, carriagereturn, or line feed, etc., when the signals representing these.functions are set up on the selectingmagnets. If the cipher 'cut-ofi'key K is also operated the cipher transmitters B and C'and cipherrelays' 6, 7, 8, .9. and 10 will not operate and the printer will recordeach Wlll Operate the clear' out relay 39 and recharacter as it is setup on the message transmitter. The printer is used in this way forrecording such parts of the message as the address, etc., which are notput in cipher. The operation of the circuit conditions is as follows:

When-the starting key under these K is operated it "will close a circuitfrom battery, over the back contact ofthe margin relay36 and theauto-stop. contacts 22 to operate the dis- 'tributor start magnet 23thiswill allow the distributor brush arm to rotate continuously untilthis circuit is opened either at the auto-stop lever 22 or startingkey KEach letter in themessage tape will operate one -or more contacts of themessage transmitter A and this in turn will set up the combinationrepresenting this letter on the transmitter relays 1, 2, 3,'-4 and 5"and this will set up the same combination on the selecting magnets11,12, 13, 14 and-15 in the printer (as none of the cipher relays are.operated).

When the" brush crosses segment 75 an impulse will be sent through camswitch contacts 2 '.and.1' to operate the printing relay 40 and startthe operation of the printer. When the brush crosses segment 77 thestepping magnet of'message ,transmitter A will be operated and this-willforce all five transmitter contacts against the right hand bus bar, thusreleasing the transmitter relays and the selecting magnets. .Thetransmitter magnet will also advance the message tape pne character.Whenthe brush passes oif of segment 77 the transmitter magnet will bereleased and this will set up on the transmitter contacts,the'transmitting relays and the selecting magnets the combinationrepresenting the next character arm. Under these conditions the printerwill of the message. These operations will be repeated with eachrevolution of the brush ing for the following reasons:-

or selecting magnets will be operated and the slots in the fiveselecting discs will be in alignment opposite the blank stunt bar. Whenthe printing relay 40 operates it will operate the'release magnets 42and they will release all of the stop bars and stunt bars.

The blank stunt bar will enter the slots and operate the blank stuntcontacts 69. -This will close the circuit from battery,

through the blank stunt contacts 69, cam switch contacts 13'? and 12",through a resistance, cam switch contacts 25" and-24L",

through the winding of the clear out relay 33 to ground. The closing ofthis circuit lease the printing relay 40 and release mag-. nets 42, thusclearing out .the printer and leaving it ready for the next letter. Whenthe signal representing the letter. S is received selecting magnets 11and 13 will operate with the result that the slots in the selectin discswill be in alignment opposite the S stunt bar. The printing relay 40 andrelease magnets 42 will operate as usual and the S stunt contacts 67will be closed. The release magnets 42 also operate a set of contactswhich close a circuit for operating the start relay 43 which in turnoperates the start magnet 44 and releases the type shaft 4:8. ,The Sstunt contact 67 closes the circuit from battery through cam switch.

the type shaft will come into contact with the S stop bar, which willstop the type wheel with the letter S opposite the printarm. The circuitwill then be closed from battery, through the S stop bar 63 the letter San fwill cause the printer to space and clear out in the usual manner.

* It should also be observed that when the cam switch is in its normalposition S relay 61, the fifth pulse relay 32, space control relay 60andmargin relay 36 cannot operate (1) The operating circuit of relay 61is open atv cam switch contact 6".

(2) The circuit of the winding of the fifth pulse relay 32 is open atthe front contact of S relay 61. v

' and striking arm 49, through the windings of the printing magnet 52,space lock relay 1 i emma of the margin relay 36 is open either at theouter margin contact 41 or at the lower front contact of the spacecontrol relay 60.

The operation of the circuit arrangement with the cam switch in itsnormal position and the cipher cutofl' key in its normal position is asfollows:

. When the cipher cutoff key is in its normal position the ciphertransmitters and cipher relays will be operated under the con trol ofthe two key'tapes. This is the normal condition of theapparatus when itis used for deciphering incoming messages. When the cipher cutoff key isnormal the cipher relays will operate under the control.

of the two key tapes and the selecting mag nets will be controlled bothby the transmitter relays and the cipher relays so that-the characterset up on the selecting magnets will be produced by combining thecharacter in the message tape with the corresponding character in thetwo key tapes. The magnets in the two cipher transmitters will beconnected in parallel with the magnet of the message .transmitter sothat all three tapes will step forward simultaneously when the brushcrosses segment 77. Under these conditions the printer will record aseries of characters produced by combining the three tapes.

I The operation of the circuit arrangement with the cam switch operatedand the cipher cutoil key normal is as follows:

The cam switch is operated for printing the enciphered part of anoutgoing message. Under these conditions the printer will auto maticallysubstitute two letters for each stunt signal and also for the letter S,and

the printer will also space the letters into groups of five, thecarriage will return automatically and the paper will feed up, at theend of each line.

In this circuit arrangement the letter S is used to designate the stuntsignals instead of the letter e because this requires less change in theprinter unit as the printer is normally equipped with a stunt baroperating on the letter S signal. By providing a suitable stunt bar andstunt contacts, any letter could be used as a designating letter.

The operation of substituting two letters for the stunt signals (andletter S) will be described without considering the automatic spacingand carriage return operations.

It the combinations of holes 1n the three tapes are such as to set up onthe selecting magnets a combination representing any letter (except S),the printer will operate as usual to record the selected letter. If,however, the tapes combine so as to setup on the selecting magnets acombination representing the letter S or one of the six stunt signalsthe printer will operate as described below. 1

When the rotating brush crosses segment 75, the printing relay 40 willoperate and will cause the successive operation of the release magnets42, start relay 43 and start magnet 44, thus releasing the typeshaft 48.If a stunt or letter S combination is set up on the selecting magnets 11to 15 inclusive, the slots in the selecting discs will be in alignmentopposite one of the seven stunt bars and when the release magnets 42operate, this selected stunt bar will enter the slots and operate its,stunt contacts.

The stunt contacts will close a circuit for operating the S relay 61Depending on which of the stunt contacts 67 to 73 inclusive areoperated, the current will take one of the following paths:

(1) For the letter from battery, through the S stunt contacts 67, camswitch contacts 5" and 6", and winding of the S relay 61 to ground. I

(2) For carriage return -from battery, through cam switch contacts 26and 25", carriage return stunt contacts 68, cam

- switch contacts 8", 9" 5" and 6", and wind- S relay 61 to ground.

(5) For figure shiftfrom batterv, through cam switch contacts 26 and25", figures stunt contact 1. cam switch contacts 16", 17", 5" and 6-,and winding1of relay 61 to ground.

(6) For line feed-from battery, through line feed stunt contacts 72, camswitch contacts 19', 20, 5 and 6" and windlng of S relay 61 to ground.

(7) For spacefrom battery, through lower front contact of start relay43, space stunt contact 73, cam switch contacts 22, 23", 5" and 6", andwinding of S relay 61 to ground.

Ihe distributor segments are to be so spaced in relation to the speed ofthe rotating brush arm that sufficient time Wlll elapse for thesuccessive operation of the printing relay 40, release magnets '42 and Srelay 61 whilethe brush in crossing segment 75 and the dead segment 76following it. Under these conditions S relay 61 will operate before thebrush reaches segment 77 and will prevent the operation of thetransmitter magnets while the brush crosses the segment 7 7 The S relay61 closes a circuit at its lower contact for operating the fifth-pulserelay 32 which locks 'itself to battery through the lower front contactof the start relay 43. The fifth-pulse relay 32 switches the circuit insuch a way that selecting magnet No. 15 will be deenergized if it hadbeen previously operated and will be energized if it had been previouslyunoperated, but the presence of the stunt bar in the slots of theselecting discs will prevent any change in the position of the fifthselecting disc at this time.

The S relay 61 also prepares a circuit for operating the the brushcrosses segment 77 the S magnet 62 will be operated over a circuit ex--tending from battery through the brushes, segment 77, u per frontcontact and upper winding of relay 61 and winding of S magnet 62, toground. The operation of the S magnet 62 will release the S stop bar 63and allow its inner end to rise into the path of the rotating strikingarm 49'. When the striking arm comes into contact with the S stop bar,the type shaft will stop in position to print the letters S and acircuit will be closed from battery through the S stop bar 63,. strikingarm 49, printing magnet 52, space-lock relay 51. and clear-out relay 39to ground, which will cause the printer to print the letter- S and tospace and clear out in the usual way.

lVhen the printer clears out, the circuit of the lower winding of the Srelay 61 wlll be opened at the stunt contacts. The upper winding of thisrelay will be opened 'when the brushpasses off of segment 7 T (and the Smagnet '62 will be .released at this time). The S "relay 61 will releasewhen the circuits of both windings are open. As this cannot occur until-after the brush has passed off of segment 77, it 1s evident that themessage transmitter magnets cannot operate during this revolution of thebrush arm and therefore, the same combination will be held on the cipherrelays and transmitter relays. I

The contacts of release magnet 42 are so arranged that they connectbattery to the fifth-pulse relay 32 locking circuit before the start.relay 43 releases. Therefore, the fifth-pulse relay 32 will remainlocked up after the printer has cleared out. Under these conditions theselecting magnets will remain operated in the same combination as forthe stunt signal except .that the fifthpulse will be reversed. This willbe the combination for selecting and printing the second of the twoletters representing this particular stunt. signal. i

S magnet 62. When- During the next revolution of the brush arm, theprinter will print this second letter in the usual manner and the tapetransmitters will step forward to set up the com- This causes amomentary opening of the locking circuit of the fith-pulse relay 32 andreleases that relay which in turn either operates or releases selectingmagnetNo. 15. The fifth selecting disc will be held in its formerposition, however, by the 'stop bar until the printer clears out. Theabove description covers the operation of substituting the propertwo-letter groups for the stunt signals. The automatic spacing carriagereturn, and line feed operations will now be described. The operation ofthe printer when a succession of letters other than the letter S isbeing set up on the selecting magnets will be described first: Underthese conditions none of the stunt contacts will operate.- Assuming thatthe carriage has been returned to the beginning of a line, thespace-control contacts 65-will be in the position indicated on thedrawing. a When the brush crosses segment a circuit will be closed frombattery through cam. switch contacts 2'5 and 3", through the middle andinner space-control contacts 65, through the winding of the printingrelay 40 and back contact of the clear-out relay 39 to ground. This willoperate the printing relay 40. The printer will print, space and clear"out asusual and the cam will be rotated one step by the space ratchetwheel. When the brush crosses segment 77 the tapes will be advanced inthe usual manner.

The operation of printing the second, third and fourth letters isexactly the same. After .the fifth letter is printed the space ratchetcam 64 will rotate far enough to operate the space-control contacts 65.The I transmitter magnets will also operate and set up the combinationfor the sixth letter in the usual manner.

When the brush crosses segment 75 on its sixthrevolution a circuit willbe closed from battery through segment 75, cam switch contacts 2" and 3"and the middle and outer space-control contacts 65 and through the upperwinding of the space-control relay 60 to ground. This will operate thespacecontrol relay 60 which will lock itself through its lower windingand close a circuit through the margin contacts 41 for operating thespace-lock relay 51 and clearout relay 39. This will cause the printerto space which in turn will allow the spacecontrol contacts 65 to returnto their normal position.

When the brush crosses segment 77 the transmitter magnets will notoperate because their circuits are open at the upper back contact of thespace-control relay 60. Therefore, the combination for the sixth letterpreviously set up on the selecting magnets will remain. When the brushcrosses segment'78 the lockin Winding of the spacecontrol relay 60 wilbe short-circuited and it will release, thus releasing the space-lockrelay 51 (provided the space magnet 50 has operated by this time) andrestoring the circuits to their normal condition.

When the brush revolves again it will cause the printer to print thesixth letter in the usual manner and the operation will continue untilanother group of five letters has been printed after which thespace-control relay 60 will operate and introduce a space again in themanner just described.

A pin 66 is attached to the space ratchet wheel in such position that itwill operate the margin contacts 41 at some time during the printing ofthe tenth group of five characters. The margin contacts tl will remainoperated until the cam is restored to its normal position.

The operation of the margin contacts ll will have no effect untilthespace-control relay 60 is operated after the fifth letter of.

the tenth group of five is printed. When the brush crosses segment afterthis fifth letter has been printed, the space-control relay 60will-operate as-previously described and it will lock itself and close acircuit through the outer margin contact 41 for operating the marginrelay 36. This relay will lock itself through the winding of thecarriage return magnet 37 and through the carria'ge contacts 90. Themargin relay 36 also closes a circuit for operating the line feed magnet47 and opens the circuit of the distributor starting magnet 23.Thisallows the brush arm to come to rest against the armature' of thestart magnet and to remain at rest until the comparatively slow carriagereturn operation is completed. The carriage return magnet 37 releases apawl which normally holds the space ratchet wheel and this allows thecarriage and the space-control cam to be returned to their normalpositions. When the carriage is completely restored it .opens'thecarriage contacts 90 which releases the margin relay 36 and the carriagereturn magnet 37 The margin relay 36 on releasing, releases the linefeed magn'et 47and closes the circuit for starting the distributor brusharm.

The above description of the automatic spacing and carriage returnoperations was based on the assumption that no stunt (or letter Ssignals were set up on the selectiiig magnets. In practice, such asignal to introduce a space (or in some cases to return the carriage)between the two letters which are substituted for the stunt signal.

In order to describe this operation we may assume that four letters of aparticular group havebeen printed and thatthe three tape transmittershave stepped forward and setup on the selecting magnets'a combinationrepresenting the letter S or one of the six stunt signals. Under theseconditions the slots in the selecting discs will be in alignmentopposite one of the seven stunt bars. I

When the brushes cross segment 75, the.

printing relay 40, release magnets 42, start relay 43 and start magnet44, will be oper ated in succession as usual. When the release magnets42 operate, the selected stunt contacts will close and this will operateS relay 61 which in turn' will operate the fifthpulse relay 32. When thebrush crosses segment 77, it will operate S magnet 62 and release the Sstop bar 63. This will stop the type shaft and cause the printer toprint the letter S and to space and clear out in the usual way.

When the fifth pulse relay 32 operates it will reverse selecting magnetN0. 15, and when the printer clears out, the selecting disc controlledby magnet 15 will be released or operated asthe case may be, thussetting up the combination for printing the second of the two lettersrepresenting the stunt signal.

Vfhen the space magnet 50 operates, the space-control contacts 65 willbe operated by means of the cam. This will connect segment 7 5 to thespace-control relay 60 so that when the brush revolves again the printerwill space (or the carriage will be restored) as previously described indetail. The transmitter magnets will not operate during this revolutionof the brush arm as their circuits are open at the back contact of thespace control relay 60. The fifth-pulse relay 32 will not release duringthis revolution of the brush arm because the release magnets 42 are notoperated when the" printer performs this special spacing (or carriagewill be printed and the fifth-pulse relay 32 perforator.

'will be released thus restoring the circuit to itsnormal condition.

The arrangements illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 accordingly provide meanswhereby a code message maybe prepared for transmission in encipheredform and in which form the stunt signal combinations are represented bya combination of two letters. .To decipher the incoming messages it isdesirable to convert the message into the form of a perforated tape.This may be done by an operator using an ordinary keyboard In performingthis operation, the operator may mentally combine the two lettersrepresenting each stunt signal and perforate directly the correspondingstunt signal. If this is done, a tape will be produced which may beinserted in transmitter A and combined with the key tapes intransmitters B and C in the usual way to produce the original message indeciphered form.

In order that the operator may not be burdened with the work of mentallycombining the two letters representing each stunt signal, it may bedesirable to use automatic means for converting these letters into stuntsignal combinations. In this case the operator may simply perforate atape containing the letters esactly as they appear in the cipher messageand insert such tape in the transmitter A to decipher the message. InFig. 3 is shown'an arrangement whereby a tape which contains thetwo'letter combinations for the stunt signals. instead of the stuntsignal combinations themselves. may be automatically deciphered. Thecircuit arrangement of Fig. 3 is especially designed for decipheringmessages in which the letter S is used to denote'the stunt signals, orin other words, messages such as might be prepared by using thearrangements illustrated in Fig. 2. The arrangements of Fig. 3 may beset up as a separate outfit for deciphering purposes only. or thecircuit may be combined. with the arrangements of Fig. 2 in a printerset arranged for both enciphering and deciphering. Similar referencenumerals have been used to denote like parts in both of the figures. Inorder to combine the arrange ments of Fig. 3 with the printer of Fig. 2,it is only necessary to rewire the transmitter relays l, 2, 2 i and 5'and the fifth-pulse relay 32 of Fig. 2 to agree with the arrangementsshown in Fig. 3 and to add the key K, which should be wired in the leadfrom cam switch contact 1 to the printing relay of Fig. 2. An additionalpair of contacts on key K should also be wired to key S to shunt theextra contacts of the fifth-pulse relay 32 of Fig. 2, so that thefifth-pulse relay cannot open the circuit of the cipher transmittermagnet unless the key K, is operated.

In the operatlon of the arrangements stunt ,si nals in perforating themessage tape, key I 5 should also be operated. Under these conditionsthecircuit will operate as follows:

The left hand contacts of the transmitter relays are wired so that if aletter S signal is in the tape in the message transmitter (operatingrelays l and 3), the left hand contact of key K will be connected to thefifth-pulse relay 32; but-if any other signal combination is set up, theleft hand contact of key X, will be connected to the printing rela 40.Assumefirst that a letter other than S is in the tape in the messagetransmitter. The combination representing this letter will be set up onthe transmitter relays 1 to 5. The combination of the two key tapes willbe set up on the cipher relays 6 to 10 and these relays actinginconjunction' with the transmitter. relays will set up on the printerselecting magnets 11 to 15 the combination representinga letter of thedeciphered message. -When the brush crosses segment 7 5 a circuit willbe established from battery, through the brushes, segment 75, key K lefthand contacts of transmitter relays 1 to 5, winding of printing relay 40and back contact of clearout'relay 39 to ground. This will operate theprinting relay 40 and cause the printingof the selected letter in theusual manner. When the brush crosses segment'7 7, all three transmitterswill be operated, thus advancing the tapes, and

when the brush passes off of segment'77, the

combinations for the next letter will be set up on the contacts of thethree transmitters,

transmitter relays. cipher relays and selecting magnets. As long as theletter S does not appear in the message tape, these operations will berepeated with each rotation of the brush arm. When a letter S signal isset up in the message transmitter, transmitter re lays 1 and 3 will beoperated. Under these conditions, when the brush crosses segment 75 thefiftlrpulse relay 32 will be operated instead of the printing relay 40and therefore the printer will not operate. The fifthpulse relay 82looks itself to battery through the contacts of release magnet 42. Italso reverses selecting magnet 15 and opens the circuit of the ciphertransmitter magnets 6 to 10. When the brush crosses segment 77 the keytapes. The second of the two lettersrepresenting the stunt signal willnow be set up on the transmitter relays. The sig-.

nal combination of this letter is the same as that of the stunt signalwhich it repre sents except that the fifth-pulse is reversed. As thefifth-pulse relay 32 is also operated at this time, the correctcombination representing a letter of the deciphered message will be setup on the selecting magnets; and on the next revolution of the brush,this letter will be printed. The fifth-pulse relay 32 will'be releasedby the operation of the release magnets 42 in the printer.

While the invention has been disclosed as embodied in certain specificarrangements which are deemed desirable, it is understood that it iscapable of embodiment in many and Widely Varied forms without departingfrom the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. The combination of a plurality of se lecting means upon which may beset up code combinations representing message characters or stuntsignals, a printer associated with said selecting means and normallyadapted to print the characters of said code combinations and to operatein ac-- cordance with said stunt signals, and relay means associatedwith said selecting means and said printer, said relay means beingoperative whenever a code combination representing a stunt signal in setup on said selecting means, and said relay means when operatedpreventing said printer from operating normally in accordance with saidstunt signals and causing said printer to give a printed indication ofsaid stunt signals.

2. The combination of a plurality of selecting means upon which may beset up codecombinations representing message characters or stuntsignals, a printer associated with said selecting means and normallyadapted to print the characters of said code combinations and to operatein accordance with said stunt signals, relay means associated with saidselecting means and said printer, said relay means. being operativewhenever a code combination representing a stunt signal is set up onsaid select-- ing means, said relay means when operated preventing saidprinter from operating normally in accordance with said stunt signalsand causing said printer to give a printed indication of said stuntsignals, and means operating in conjunction with said relay means tocause said printer to print said characters in groups.

3. The combination of a plurality of selecting means upon which may beset up code combinations representing message characters or stuntsignals, a printer associated with said selecting means and normallyadapted to print the characters of said code combinations and to operatein accordance with said mint signalsas set up on said selecting, means,controlling means associated with said selecting means and said printer,and means for operatively associating said controlling means therewith,said controlling means when operated preventing said printer fromoperating normally in accordance with said stunt signals and causingsaid printer to give a printed indication of said stunt signals.

4. A message tape including code combinations representing characters ofa message, a cipher tape including arbitrarily chosen code combinations,means for combining the code combinations of said tapes and setting upthe resulting code combinations on a plurality of relays, said resultingcode combinations including both characters and stunt signals, a printerassociated with said ciphering arrangements and normally adapted tooperate in accordance with said resulting code combinations, andcontrolling means associated with said printer and said cipheringarrangements and operating whenever the resulting code combinations setup by said ciphering device represent a stunt signal to cause saidprinter to give a printed indication of said stunt signal.

5. The combination of a plurality of selecting means upon which may beset up code combinations representing message characters and stuntsignals, and a printer controlled by said selecting means, meansassociated with said printer and said select-' ing means whereby saidprinter may be caused to give a printed indication of sa1d stuntsignals, to space said printed letters into groups, and to automaticallyre store the carriage and feed the paper at the end of each printedline.

6. In a ciphering device in which the code combinations of the messageare combined in effect with the code combinations of a key tape and theresulting code combinations forming the enciphered message are utilizedto control a printer, the method of eliminating stunt signals from theprinted form of said enciphered message which consists in automaticallypreventing said printer from operating; normally whenever said resultingcode combination represents a stunt signal, and causing said printer toprint a plurality of letters whenever said resulting code combinationrepresents a stunt signal. 7

7. In a ciphering device inwhich the code combinations of the messageare combined in effect with the code combinations of a key tape andthe-resulting code combinations forming the enciphered message areutilized to control a printer, the method of eliminating stunt signalsfrom the printed form of said enciphered message which consists intranslating in effect the resulting code combinations which representstunt. signals into two letter combinations in accordance with anarbitrarily chosen code.

8. A message tape including code combinations representing characters ofa mes sage, a cipher tape including arbitrarily chosen codecombinations, means for combining the code combinations of said tapesand setting up the resulting code combinations, said resulting codecombinations comprising the ciphered message and including combinationsrepresenting letters and signals, and a printer associated withsaid'ciphering arrangements, said printer being adapted to record all ofsaid resulting code combinations in letter formation.

9. In a ciphering and deciphering device, means for setting up the codecombinations of a message,

senting letters and other signals,

said code combinations repreand means for recording all of said codecombinations as set up in printed letter formation.

10. A message tape including code combinations representing letters,certain combinations of said letters representing signals and the otherletters representing message characters, means for combining the. codeJuly 1920.

GILBERT s. VERNAM.

combinations of said first tape representing-

